
research and development (R&D)
研究開発
Explanation 用語の説明
化石燃料に依存したエネルギー開発や、基本的人権が尊重されないままに進む経済開発などにみられる持続不可能な開発を持続可能なものに転換するには、これまでにはなかった新たな考えやしくみ、すなわちイノベーションが必要であるが、イノベーションを生み出すには学術界と産業界による研究開発の充実が不可欠である。研究開発を充実させるためには、国の予算措置を含む投資、および人材開発が重要であり、各国政府の教育・研究を支援しようとする姿勢が求められる。
Example 用例
Generally speaking, we see three types of R&D that yield different outcomes:
-In science, R&D is an activity that helps us advance our knowledge about the world, the universe, and its phenomena (natural, social, cultural, economic etc.) to generate a better understanding of how it works.
-In the private sector, we see that companies have dedicated teams, sometimes with deep pockets, to develop new technologies, products and services to enter new markets.
-In the public sector, we see governments, or other social agencies, setting up labs or innovation units to develop better responses to public issues. This may involve public services and social innovations that improve livelihoods and help communities thrive.
Our vision of R&D has elements of all three, but with a twist – we gravitate more towards the way R&D is done in the private and public sectors than in academia, where knowledge is pursued for its own sake.
Useful references 見てみよう・読んでみよう
Brodovicz (2024) "The Significance and Impact of R&D (Research and Development) in Sustainability"
UNESCO UIS (2020) "Global Investments in R&D"
Dig deeper 知識・考えを深めよう
Q1: What percentage of expenditures does Japan spend on R&D? What about other countries?
(日本は国の予算のうち何%を研究開発に充てているのだろうか、また他の国ではどうだろうか)
Q2: Do you think a country should focus more on basic education or higher education to promote R&D? Why do you think so?
(研究開発を促進するためには、国は基礎教育と高等教育のどちらにより焦点を当てるべきだろうか、またそれはなぜか)